Attitudes toward social inequality in Canada and the USA

Are Canadians more egalitarian than Americans? Are they more troubled by the existence of various forms of social inequality – such as those between rich and poor, men and women, white and Black – and more inclined to look to government to address them?

Looking for something specific?

Public support for autocratic leaders in Canada and the USA

In the current political context, how do Americans and Canadians feel about the powers afforded to their national leader over other branches of government and the media?

Wealth inequality in Canada and the USA

Income inequality is patently visible in today’s society. To what extent does the public look to their governments to act to narrow the gap between rich and poor, and how have such expectations changed over the past decade or so?

The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation

All four Atlantic provinces have experienced significant political changes in the past year. These developments have taken place against the backdrop of additional major political change at the national and international level.

A graphic for the Canadian Survey – Americas Barometer 2025 Series highlights “Trust in Political Institutions in Canada,” featuring an image of Parliament, sponsor logos, a red maple leaf, and insights on social trust in Canada and the USA.

Trust in Political Institutions in Canada

The results of the latest survey, conducted in the summer of 2025, provide a comprehensive update. They show that the extent to which Canadians trust political actors and institutions has, in most cases, held steady over the past 15 years. In some cases, trust has increased.

AB_Social-Web-wide

Social trust in Canada and the USA

Today we live in a time of social and political fracture. Much of what people know and how they communicate with others is happening on social media that channels content through narrow audiences, and feeds conflict and outrage. Amidst the noise of heated political rhetoric and ranting Tik Tok videos, are we losing trust in each other?

A maroon-toned slide titled Respect and influence in the Canadian federation displays results from the Confederation of Tomorrow Survey of Canadians, 2025, with the Environics Institute logo. The background features a lake and flags blowing in the wind.

Respect and influence in the Canadian federation

Every year since 2019, the Confederation of Tomorrow survey has been asking Canadians the following three questions about respect, influence and spending in the federation.

A robotic arm interacts with a digital AI interface in a modern factory. Inset: A report titled

Rising concerns about the impact of new technologies on employment

In the past few years, evidence has appeared suggesting that concerns about the implications of technological change may be growing. According to the most recent survey waves, a growing proportion of workers are now expressing concern with the pace of change in general, and more specifically with the prospect of automation leading to unemployment.

A promotional graphic for the Canadian Survey: Americas Barometer 2025 Series featuring text about democracy and the fairness of elections in Canada, logos of supporting organizations, and a hand placing a ballot into a box.

Democracy and the fairness of elections in Canada

Satisfaction with democracy, trust in elections, and the sense that votes are always counted fairly, have all declined steadily and significantly among Conservative Party supporters since the party lost power a decade ago – and in the context of four consecutive election losses.

FC relations

Canadian public opinion on our relationships with other countries 2025

In 2025, Canadians find themselves facing a much less certain international situation than they have been used to. Some of this is due to the persistence of conflicts in Ukraine, and in Israel and Gaza, and the wider threats they pose to international peace and security.

FC_MiddleEast

Canadian public opinion about the Middle East conflict

The war between Israel and Hamas is approaching its second anniversary, with no clear prospect of resolution or peace. Over much of this period Canada adopted a principled but cautious position on the conflict.

FC_Web-wide-Immigration

Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees

A majority of Canadians continue to say there is too much immigration, but opinions have stabilized since 2024 following a sharp increase over the two previous years. Those who express this view increasingly point to poor government management as the problem.

A black-and-white image shows people on snowmobiles in a snowy landscape. Overlaid text reads: Canadians on Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples, Confederation of Tomorrow 2025 Series, with red maple leaf graphics.

Canadians on Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples

This year’s report from the 2025 survey provides an opportunity to assess the state of public opinion on these issues 10 years after the completion of the work of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.

Three people stand around a workbench in a woodworking shop, looking at a tablet. As perceptions of trades training gain traction over university, they discuss their project amid tools, wooden boards, and workshop equipment.

Perceptions of trades training gaining traction over university

The latest wave of the Survey on Employment and Skills asked Canadians to think about what advice they would give to a young person regarding their career path.

A graphic with wind turbines in the background. Text reads: Climate Policy in the Federation, Confederation of Tomorrow beside a red maple leaf, and 2025 Series in the corner, highlighting Canadians on Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples.

Climate Policy in the Federation

Public concerns about climate change notwithstanding, Canadians are placing increasing priority on economic security over the importance of reducing carbon emissions.

Illustration of diverse families with children and trees on an open book, alongside text highlighting Public Support for Child Care Programs in Canada. Logos for Environics Institute, YWCA Canada, Shine On, and YMCA Canada appear below.

Public Support for Child Care Programs in Canada

The purpose of the YMCA-YWCA National Survey on Child Care Policy in Canada was to explore the extent of public support for government subsidized child care programs in Canada, as well as the main factors influencing that support.

Black-and-white photo of a prairie landscape with mountains, red maple leaf graphics, and the text: The Prairies and B.C. in Confederation—part of the Confederation of Tomorrow 2025 Series.

The Prairies and B.C. in Confederation

This report draws on the most recent Confederation of Tomorrow survey to present an updated picture of how Western Canadians view their province’s place in the federation. The survey finds that, rather than growing, levels of dissatisfaction in the three Prairie provinces with how federalism works in Canada declined between 2024 and 2025.

A person examines a piece of paper labeled Ballot Questions, highlighting the importance of ballot questions in voting. Logos for Focus Canada and Environics Institute appear, with 2025 Spring Series in the bottom right corner.

Ballot questions

As part of its Focus Canada public opinion research program (launched in 1976), the Environics Institute examined the ballot questions for the April 2025 federal election by asking voters to identify which issue was the most important to them personally in choosing which party to support.

A grayscale image of Canada’s Parliament building with red maple leaf graphics. Text reads: “Working together in the Canadian federation. Confederation of Tomorrow. 2025 Series.” Highlighting unity within our federation.

Working together in the Canadian federation

Two main political events since the start of this year have affected the context in which the relations between governments in Canada are evolving. First, the imposition of U.S. tariffs, combined with the American president’s threats against Canada’s independence, have created a new sense of urgency.

A woman sits at a table working on a tablet next to a laptop while a young girl hugs her from the side, both smiling warmly—a cozy scene reflecting the impact of having children on careers in a modern living room setting.

The Impact of Having Children on Careers

This report presents the results of survey questions asking Canadians age 18 to 44 who are in the labour force about their expectations and experiences relating to having children and its impact on their careers.

Gray-toned image of a modern building interior with Canadian flags hanging. Red maple leaf graphics and text read: Attachment and Identity, Confederation of Tomorrow, and 2025 Series.

Attachment and Identity

The issues of Canadian identity and unity came to the fore in the first few months of 2025, in the face of the threatening policies and pronouncements of returning U.S. president Donald Trump.

Survey-Employment-Skills-Infographic_EN

The use of artificial intelligence in the workplace: an update

In 2024, the Survey on Employment and Skills reported that early 3 in 10 employed Canadians are using AI tools in the workplace, but almost one-half of those have not received any formal training.

A person stands outdoors under fireworks, with text reading Pride in Being Canadian—part of the FOCUS CANADA, Environics Institute For Survey Research 2025 Spring Series—set against a pink and yellow background.

Pride in Being Canadian

Previous Focus Canada surveys have documented a decline in the proportion of Canadians who are proud of being a Canadian. But in the wake of the developments since the return of U.S. President Donald Trump to the White House, has there been a resurgence of national pride in Canada?

A graphic with white columns in the background features the text: “Public Opinion About Canada-USA Relations,” highlighting insights from Environics Institute for Survey Research’s FOCUS CANADA 2025 Spring Series.

Public Opinion About Canada-USA Relations

Canada and the United States have enjoyed a strong relationship for more than a century. There have been ups and downs depending on the respective leaders in each country, but underneath remained a solid foundation of trust and partnership.

A diverse group of workers in safety gear and hard hats review documents outdoors at a shipping container yard, as stacked red containers loom in the background amid trade wars as pessimism about economy deepens.

Canadians worry about impact of trade wars as pessimism about economy deepens

Concerns about the impact of U.S. tariffs are contributing to a growing pessimism among Canadians about the economy, employment and their own financial situation.

A group of young children sits on the floor in a classroom, each focused on using a tablet. The engaged students, dressed in casual clothes, reflect how Strong Schools build a Stronger Future through quality Public Education.

Strong Schools, Stronger Future: What Canadians Expect from Public Education

To explore how Canadians view public education, the latest wave of the Survey on Employment and Skills asked Canadians two questions about schools in their communities. The first addressed the objectives that schools should have, and the second assessed school performance.

Race relations Canada infographic for 2024 highlights statistics on hate incidents, direct experiences, locations, reporting rates, exposure by identity, and insights from the Environics Institute and Race Relations Foundation.

One in six Canadians say they have definitely or possibly been the target of a hate incident in the past year

The Race Relations in Canada 2024 Survey is the most comprehensive national survey to date focusing on Canadians’ experience with hate, a rapidly spreading form of anti-social aggressive racism directed at people, most commonly because of their race, ethnicity or religion.

Race-Relations-in-Canada-2024

Race Relations in Canada 2024

The research consisted of a main survey conducted online between February 12 and March 13, 2024 with 4,470 Canadians (ages 18+), and a supplementary survey conducted online between November 18 and 25, 2024 with 616 Canadians who identify as Jewish (by religion, ethnicity and/or culture).

A promotional graphic titled Perspectives on Growing Older in Canada: The 2024 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey, featuring geometric designs and the NIA logo in the top right corner, highlights key findings from the national Perspectives on Growing Older in Canada report.

Perspectives on Growing Older in Canada: The 2024 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey

The NIA Ageing in Canada Survey is a decade-long annual research program designed to capture Canadians’ experiences, perspectives and expectations on ageing.

A woman with curly hair smiles while looking at something offscreen. She is indoors, with modern decor and soft lighting—capturing a moment that reflects how working from home is affecting the workplace. Translucent colored squares overlay part of the image.

How working from home is affecting the workplace

Exploring how the shift to working from home is affecting job satisfaction, productivity, teamwork, and equity and inclusion is an important step in assessing the current state of the workplace in Canada.

Red ladders reach toward a cloudy sky with text: Inter-generational Mobility in Canada, 2024 Update, alongside logos for Environics Institute, Rogers School, Diversity Institute, and Century Initiative. Focus Canada 2024 Series is also displayed.

Inter-generational Mobility in Canada

The 2024 survey finds that the proportions of Canadians who feel financially worse off today than their parents were at their age, and who feel that the next generation will be worse off than they are, are both trending upwards.

A group of people sit and talk in a bright, modern lounge with large windows. Text reads: Public support for Indigenous post-secondary education and training in Ontario is growing. Logos appear at the bottom left.

Public support for Indigenous post-secondary education and training in Ontario

The Calls to Action issued in 2015 by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada included a number of items relating to education. These included calls for measures to eliminate gaps in educational attainment between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous people in Canada, to provide adequate and equitable funding of education for Indigenous students, and to develop culturally appropriate educational curricula.

A diverse group of people walks outdoors on a city street, representing Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees. Text overlay reads: Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees, with FOCUS CANADA and 2024 SERIES logos.

Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees 2024

For the first time in a quarter century, a clear majority of Canadians say there is too much immigration, with this view strengthening considerably for the second consecutive year.

A blue and red tinted image of the White House highlights Canadians and the U.S. Presidential Election, with text: Focus Canada, 2024 Series. The Focus Canada logo appears at the top right.

Canadians and the U.S. Presidential Election

The American presidential election has transfixed not only citizens of the United States, but many around the world as well. One way or another, everyone will be affected by the outcome of the vote on November 5.

A weathered image shows the flags of South Africa and Israel, split by a jagged crack—echoing not only their own division but also reflecting Canadian public opinion about conflict in the Middle East in 2024.

Canadian public opinion about conflict in the Middle East 2024

The outbreak of war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza has had an unprecedented impact on Canada. Since last fall, the country has witnessed rising levels of hate-motivated actions against Jews, Muslims and Arabs, sustained protests on university campuses, and heated rhetoric from public figures over what should be done.

A child sits at a table drinking from a cup while an adult smiles nearby. The image, with its blurred, circular effect and L and R markers, could illustrate contexts used in developing a material deprivation index.

Developing a material deprivation index

In Canada, we commonly measure the extent of poverty by determining a poverty line. An alternative approach is to assess a household’s standard of living by looking at the goods and services it has, or has access to, and the activities in which it participates. This method of measuring poverty is called a material deprivation index (MDI).

A graphic titled Attachment and identity in the Canadian federation appears beside a photo of canoes on a mountain lake, with a red maple leaf backdrop and the text Confederation of Tomorrow 2024 Series.

Attachment and identity in the Canadian federation

The annual Confederation of Tomorrow surveys explore the relationships between different types of identity. It asks about attachment to and identification with Canada and one’s province or territory; it also asks Indigenous Peoples about their attachment to their Indigenous nation or community.

Text over a cityscape at dusk highlights Canada’s Changing Population: Key Trends Shaping our Future. In the bottom right corner, a white logo and the words Shine On complete the scene.

Canada’s Changing Population: Key Trends Shaping our Future

In 2024, YMCA Canada commissioned several reports to explore areas where significant changes lie ahead. The reports were launched at the 2024 YMCA National Conference in Halifax in June. The report on demographic change was prepared by the Environics Institute.

A group of kites with text highlights the importance of Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples.

Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples

How do Canadians today see relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people and how the process of reconciliation unfolding? Confederation of Tomorrow surveys have been addressing this topic since 2019, and the 2024 survey provides a fresh update on public attitudes from both Indigenous and non-Indigenous perspectives, and how they have evolved over time.

A building with a tower stands as a striking symbol, much like the complexities of federal-provincial relations public perceptions.

Federal-provincial relations: public perceptions

The study finds that views on whether federal and provincial governments are working well together have not changed that much over the past two decades. However, compared to the early 2000s, Canadians are less likely to blame both governments equally when conflict arises, and more likely to take sides by blaming either the federal government or their provincial government.

A woman helps a child use a laptop at a desk. Text reads: Support for bilingualism and learning a second language, fostering skills for the future. Background features a red maple leaf and Confederation of Tomorrow 2024 Series.

Support for bilingualism and learning a second language

The 2024 Confederation of Tomorrow survey revisits the topic of official bilingualism and the importance of children learning to speak a second language. It finds that support for bilingualism as a policy, and interest in children learning a second language, both remain fairly high.

A graphic with solar panels under a bright sun on the left, illustrating addressing climate change in the Canadian federation, beside a red maple leaf logo and the words “Confederation of Tomorrow 2024 Series.”.

Addressing climate change in the Canadian federation

Canadians are evenly divided on the relative priority that should be given to protecting the environment versus protecting jobs. The emphasis placed on environmental protection has declined since 2023 across the population.

A tall apartment building at dusk beside text reading Affordable housing approval of federal, provincial and local governments. A maple leaf graphic and Confederation of Tomorrow 2024 Series appear on a red background.

Affordable housing: approval of federal, provincial and local governments

The availability and affordability of housing has emerged as a top public policy issue. And it is one in which all governments – federal, provincial and territorial, and local – have a role to play.

A graphic with a photo of Canada’s Parliament, red maple leaf design, and text: “Trusting federal and provincial government decision-making on key issues. Confederation of Tomorrow. 2024 Series.”.

Trusting federal and provincial government decision-making on key issues

Canadians are losing trust in the ability of both the federal government and their provincial governments to deal with key issues such as health care, climate change, immigration or the economy.

A pink-tinted image shows Ottawa’s Parliament buildings in the background. Text reads: AmericasBarometer Canadian Survey 2023 Series. 04. Trust in Political Institutions in Canada, exploring public trust and confidence. Environics Institute logo at bottom right.

Trust in Political Institutions in Canada

The AmericasBarometer surveys measure trust in a range of political institutions and actors on a seven-point scale. Here is a summary of the most recent results for Canada, showing the trend since 2010.

Two people walk past a modern glass building. A large white box highlights The Perspectives of Second-generation Immigrants in Canada, with logos of several organizations displayed below.

The Perspectives of Second-generation Immigrants in Canada

Outcomes for second-generation immigrants are typically measured in terms of educational attainment, employment rates and income. These indicators are important, but they tell us little about the experience that second-generation have balancing the values and expectations of their immigrant parents with those of Canadian society more generally.

A promotional graphic for the AmericasBarometer Canadian Survey 2023 series, titled Support for Democracy in Canada, featuring a faded image of Parliament Hill and highlighting Reports by the Environics Institute.

Support for Democracy in Canada

This report focuses on the extent of public support for democracy in Canada, and examines whether this support has been weakening over time. The analysis is based on the results of the Canadian portion of the AmericasBarometer surveys, which track opinions on a consistent set of questions about democracy and its alternatives.

Report cover titled “Perspectives on Growing Older in Canada: The 2023 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey,” featuring illustrations of people in a park and logos for Environics Institute and the National Institute on Ageing.

2023 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey

In less than 10 years, one-quarter of Canada’s population will be aged 65 years and older. Fully understanding the circumstances and evolving needs of this ageing population requires collecting regular and reliable data from older Canadians themselves.

A diverse group works at laptops in an office. The Burden of Care: Addressing Challenges in Employment in the Nonprofit Sector is highlighted, with logos of research and skills organizations displayed at the bottom.

The Burden of Care: Addressing Challenges in Employment in the Nonprofit Sector

This report examines the perceptions of workers in the nonprofit sector and how these differ from workers in other sectors. Workers in the nonprofit sector have lower job satisfaction than workers in either the public or private sectors.

A woman with long dark hair is sitting indoors, holding a tissue to her nose, appearing to sneeze or have a cold. She is wearing a light-colored blazer and looks uncomfortable, possibly experiencing the lingering effects of COVID-19.

The Lingering Effects of COVID-19

This report helps to fill the information gap by documenting how many Canadians have missed work or school due to COVID-19 in the 12 months prior to the time of the survey in March 2023, and the length of their absences.

Two people wearing face masks and gloves collaborate with glass containers in a cozy, brick-walled workspace, highlighting participation in skills training. Shelves and jars line the background, suggesting a hands-on learning environment.

Participation in Skills Training

The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted the workplace. Some businesses closed either temporarily or permanently. Others enabled their employees to work from home.

Aerial view of a suburban neighborhood with tree-lined streets highlights Housing Affordability. The text “FOCUS CANADA” appears in the top left, and “Housing Affordability” is written prominently across the bottom.

Housing Affordability

As immediate concern with the COVID-19 pandemic faded, new issues have appeared on the public’s agenda, the most prominent of which have been the cost of living and the affordability of housing.

People walk in a spacious hallway with the text “FOCUS CANADA: Public Opinion about Immigration & Refugees” overlaid, highlighting Canadian perspectives on these important topics.

Public Opinion about Immigration & Refugees

In 2023, Canada reached a historic milestone – the country’s population surpassed 40 million people. The number of people living in Canada rose by more than one million in 2022 – 96 percent due to international migration.

A promotional graphic for the 2023 AmericasBarometer Canadian Survey, titled Citizen Voice, by Environics Institute, featuring striking modern curved glass buildings in the background.

Citizen Voice

Are citizens feeling increasingly ignored by their governments in Canada? The evidence from the Canadian portion of the 2023 AmericasBarometer survey is mostly reassuring.

Cover of a report titled Connection Engagement and Well-being, featuring a cityscape with people sitting on grass. Network lines and colorful dots overlay the image, with the Environics Institute logo at the top.

Connection, Engagement and Well-being

How can communities best measure the well-being of their citizens? Often this is done using economic measures of employment, income and inequality. There are also statistics reporting on incidences of crime, of homeless or of disease (most recently focusing on cases of COVID-19).

Slide titled AmericasBarometer Canadian Survey 2023 Series with subtitle Trust in Elections. It is labeled 01, featuring a historic building in the background. The Environics Institute for Survey Research logo appears at the bottom right.

Trust in Elections

Political news headlines in 2023 have been dominated by concerns about potential interference by foreign governments in recent Canadian elections, with opposition parties calling for a public inquiry into the matter.

A lighthouse stands on rocky terrain with the text Spotlight on Atlantic Canada, illuminating the region’s significance. To the right, a red maple leaf accompanies the words Confederation of Tomorrow 2023 Series.

Spotlight on Atlantic Canada

The outlook in Atlantic Canada has changed significantly over the past two years. In 2021, almost a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, people in the region stood out from other Canadians as being much more satisfied with the direction of the country in general, and with the way both the federal government and their provincial governments had managed the crisis so far.

A graphic shows a forest path splitting in two, with the words Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples beside a maple leaf logo for the Confederation of Tomorrow 2023 Series.

Reconciliation and Relations with Indigenous Peoples

The Confederation of Tomorrow surveys have covered relations with Indigenous Peoples from the beginning in 2019, documenting a gradual shift in Canadian public opinion toward greater support for the rights of Indigenous Peoples and the process of reconciliation.

A graphic with a red gradient background, a faint maple leaf, a stylized husky dog, and bold Yukon @ 125! text celebrates the Confederation of Tomorrow 2023 Series, featuring a red maple leaf icon.

Yukon @ 125!

The Yukon came into existence as a separate territory on June 13, 1898. To mark the occasion, the Confederation of Tomorrow survey looks at how Yukoners’ opinions differ from those of other Canadians.

Image promoting the 2023 series

Religion, Rights and the Role of the Courts

Last year marked the 40th anniversary of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. While the Charter as a whole remains popular, the occasional use by governments of its provision allowing them to override certain Charter rights (Section 33) continues to spark controversy.

A graphic with busts of historical figures on the left and a red maple leaf with

Confidence in Leaders

In 2021, almost a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the Confederation of Tomorrow Survey of Canadians addressed the issue of public confidence in scientists, government medical advice and political leaders.

A graphic with a red maple leaf and text reading Confederation of Tomorrow and Support for Equalization: 2023 update. Includes insights on Canadians’ confidence in leaders from the 2023 Confederation of Tomorrow Survey. April 26, 2023.

Support for equalization: 2023 update

Key findings are: Overall support for the equalization program in Canada remains steady; Support has increased in Alberta since 2019; Support remains steady in non-recipient provinces, but has fallen by 8 points since 2019 in recipient provinces. A 29-point gap between levels of support in Quebec and Alberta has narrowed to a 6-point gap.

A silhouetted worker holding a torch stands against a crane, with a red maple leaf and text reading Spotlight on Alberta, Confederation of Tomorrow, and 2023 Series on a striking red and gray background.

Spotlight on Alberta

In Alberta, the level of discontent with the federation remains high, but has been declining gradually since 2019. This overall change, however, masks two distinct trends. On the one hand, those who support the provincial government continue to express high levels of dissatisfaction with federalism.

A lakeside scene with canoes docked by the shore, surrounded by trees and mountains. Overlaid text reads “FOCUS CANADA” and highlights The Evolution of the Canadian Identity. The image has a warm reddish-orange tint.

The Evolution of the Canadian Identity

The Canadian identity is in constant evolution, in response to changing political forces and cultural influences. One of the more important potential sources of change in recent years is the growing ethno-cultural diversity of the population, driven by immigration and, in particular, by the growing number of immigrants arriving from Asian and Africa.

Illustration of older adults walking, some with canes, walkers, or wheelchairs, with text: Perspectives on Growing Older in Canada from the 2022 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey. Logos and organizations appear at the bottom.

2022 NIA Ageing in Canada Survey

The National Institute on Ageing (NIA) and the Environics Institute for Survey Research partnered on an annual survey of ageing in Canada to track Canadians' experiences of growing older and their expectations for the future.

Image featuring a decorative maple leaf with geometric patterns above the text

Syrian Refugee Lived Experience Project

In 2015, through an unprecedented national mobilization of government, the settlement sector and Canadian citizens, the country opened its doors to accept refugees fleeing the humanitarian crisis in Syria, resettling close to 40,000 refugees within the space of a year. How have these refugees fared in their new country and lives, and what can be learned from their experience that might benefit future refugees?

A city street scene at dusk with traffic and pedestrians, overlaid with a red tint. The text reads FOCUS CANADA and highlights Satisfaction, Outlook and Opportunities. A street sign for Adelaide Street West is visible.

Satisfaction, Outlook and Opportunities

The survey finds that younger Canadians have grown more dissatisfied with the way things are going in the country, and more pessimistic about prospects for the next generation.

A blended image of the Canadian and U.S. flags with the text “Focus Canada - Public Opinion in Canada and the United States” overlaid in white letters.

Public Opinion in Canada and the United States

The diminishing concern about the impact of free trade on Canada’s cultural identity coincides with some sharp differences of opinion between Canadians and Americans on prominent social issues.

People sit on grass in a park overlooking the Toronto skyline at sunset. Large white text reads “Toronto Social Capital Study 2022” with colorful circles, highlighting the city’s connections and asking, “How well are we connected?”.

Toronto Social Capital Study 2022

How can communities best measure the well-being of their citizens? Often this is done using economic measures of employment, income and inequality. There are also statistics reporting on incidences of crime, of homeless or of disease (most recently focusing on cases of COVID-19).

A child with a backpack walks away on a blurred, outdoor path lined with tents. Overlaid text reads FOCUS CANADA and Immigration and Refugees, highlighting Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees.

Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees

The latest Focus Canada research reveals that, despite the many disruptions and challenges facing Canadians today, the public as a whole has never been more supportive of their country's welcoming path when it comes to immigration and refugees.

Illustrating the shift to remote work, a person wearing headphones pours a drink while using a tablet at a desk in front of a window. An open laptop and colorful translucent rectangles complete the modern work-from-home scene.

The shift to remote work

The majority of those who have been working from home say they prefer this arrangement and want it to continue once the pandemic is over. And most of those who want to continue to work from home prefer to do so on a regular basis, rather than occasionally.

A woman in a white top works on a tablet at a desk, while a young child sits in the background on a sofa—an image reflecting the challenges of disconnecting from work. Pink, green, and gray translucent rectangles overlay the scene.

Disconnecting from work

The Survey on Employment and Skills confirms that many Canadians find it a challenge to keep their work, family and personal lives in balance. But experiences vary widely. Some workers, such as those who are self-employed, are more likely to appreciate the flexibility of modern work arrangements

Slide titled Canadian social norms and racism: 2022 Benchmark survey, Final Report, featuring the Environics Institute logo and colorful abstract lines at the bottom. Highlights insights on social norms and racism in Canada against a light beige background.

Social norms and racism in Canada

A new national research project documents for the first time the social norms that govern how Canadians think about and act on different types of racial micro-aggressive actions directed at people who are Indigenous or Black.

Three young women sit attentively in a room; one wears a face mask. Text reads: “Canadian Youth: A social values perspective on identity, life aspirations, and engagement of Millennials and Gen Z.”.

Canadian Youth

A new national research project documents for the first time the social norms that govern how Canadians think about and act on different types of racial micro-aggressive actions directed at people who are Indigenous or Black.

A diverse group of young women standing in a line outdoors, linking arms and looking determinedly ahead, united in solidarity for Women's Equality and the Women's Movement: an Update.

Women’s Equality and the Women’s Movement: an Update

The study provides an analysis of Canadian public opinion on issues facing women in Canada today and on the impact of the women’s movement. It compares the latest results to those from previous surveys conducted in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.

A man wearing a safety vest stands in a warehouse, holding a tissue to his nose as if sneezing—highlighting issues around working when sick and how workplace regulations will impact the post-pandemic recovery. Semi-transparent colored rectangles overlay the image.

Working when sick

Efforts to improve public health and contain the spread of serious illness must focus on both the lack of paid sick days for many workers and the behaviour of those who have access to paid sick days but choose not to use them because of the prevailing workplace culture.

A woman casts her ballot at a polling station as others wait nearby. The image appears in the report Democracy and Political Polarization in Canada and the U.S. by Environics Institute, dated December 2021.

Democracy and Political Polarization in Canada and the U.S.

This presentation compares the results in Canada and the United Sates. It shows that American politics remains highly polarized in several senses; for instance, there are significant gaps in trust in the political system between those who identify as liberals and those who identify as conservatives.

A young person wearing headphones sits at a desk, looking at a laptop screen and taking notes with a pencil—an image reflecting

Making up time

This report explores the experiences during the pandemic of younger adults, defined as those between the ages of 18 and 34.

Logo with colorful abstract shapes above the text Race Relations in Canada 2021, highlighting findings from a survey of Canadian public opinion and experience. Logos for Environics Institute and Canadian Race Relations Foundation appear below.

Race Relations in Canada 2021

This latest research once again confirms the reality of racism in Canada. A significant proportion of the population experiences discrimination because of their race or ethnic background at least occasionally, if not more often, and has witnessed other people encounter similar treatment.

A bilingual airport sign with a Canadian flag points to Canada Arrivals in English and Arrivées Canada in French, subtly reminding travelers that private sponsorship is much more than a feel-good project—it's part of Canada's welcoming spirit.

Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees 2021

Results from the latest Focus Canada survey reveal that Canadians continue to be largely positive and supportive about immigrants and refugees, who are much more likely to be viewed as making a positive contribution to the country than posing a threat.

Close-up of dancers’ feet and legs in colorful, beaded moccasins and fringed regalia on grass at a powwow—showcasing what success might look like for young Aboriginals embracing tradition and cultural pride.

Canadian Public Opinion about Indigenous Peoples and Reconciliation

The survey reveals that, in the wake of these events, attitudes in Canada have shifted. There is a growing awareness of the mistreatment of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, including through the system of residential schools, and a growing willingness to say that the policies of Canadian governments is the main obstacle to achieving economic and social equality.

Black maple leaf logo and text Confederation of Tomorrow on a grey map background. Large red text highlights Respect, Influence and Fairness in the Canadian Federation.

Respect, Influence and Fairness in the Canadian Federation

Did the federal, provincial and territorial responses to the crisis alleviate or exacerbate public discontent with how federalism works in Canada?

Several people stand in line indoors, casting ballots into clear boxes—an orderly scene that proves, despite angry protestors, Canadians still trust in our democracy. The focused atmosphere reflects faith in the election process.

Support for Democracy in Canada

This report explores the current state of public trust in democratic institutions and actors in Canada, and how this may have changed over time. The data are drawn from the 2021 AmericasBarometer survey in Canada.

A young man wearing glasses and a gray t-shirt sits at a table, working on a laptop with papers and a pen in hand, reflecting on lessons learned: the pandemic and learning from home in Canada, concentrating in a bright, modern room.

Lessons learned

For many students, the short-term effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, through the switch to online learning, has been to effectively “privatize” our educational infrastructure, as families have had to rely on their own resources to provide the spaces, tools and connections needed for ongoing learning.

Red text reads Attachment and Advantages: How Canadians View their Country, their Province and their Neighbour beside a logo of nine maple leaves and the words confederation of tomorrow on a map background.

Attachment and Advantages

The mid-point of each calendar year offers an ideal opportunity for Canadians to reflect on issues related to national identity.

White background with a faint map, bold red text reading Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation, and black maple leaves forming a tree above the words Confederate of Tomorrow, highlighting the theme of Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation.

Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation

In the early months of 2020, prior to the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, news headlines in the country were focused on the protests taking place over issues relating to Indigenous Peoples’ rights and control over national resource development.

Red text reads

Addressing climate change in the Canadian federation

Prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change had emerged as one of Canadians’ top concerns. The situation a year later is completely different: naturally, the pandemic now eclipses all other issues as the one Canadians see as most important.

A group of five diverse young children, including a girl in a hijab, sit together smiling in a classroom. Above them, text reads: Private Refugee Sponsorship in Canada - 2021 Market Study.

Private Refugee Sponsorship in Canada

Given the high profile that refugee resettlement received over the past five or so years, it is not surprising that there is widespread public awareness.

A person with dark hair tied back rests their chin on clasped hands, looking thoughtful or concerned—perhaps reflecting on the Mind and Body: Impact of the Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health—while sitting indoors near bright light. Pink and purple translucent rectangles overlay the left.

Mind and body

This report focuses on Canadians’ perceptions of their physical and mental health, and how these have changed during the pandemic. It also highlights implications for governments and employers as they begin to prepare for the post-pandemic recovery.

A man wearing safety goggles and a safety vest stands as a reminder of frontline workers impacted by widening inequality: effects of the pandemic on jobs and income are visible in every workplace.

Widening inequality

This report from Wave 2 of the Survey on Employment and Skills examines the overall impact of the pandemic, as well as more specific experiences such as loss of hours of work, loss of employment or loss of income.

A diverse group of young people gather around a table in discussion while one writes on a whiteboard. Overlaid text reads: “Canadian youth perspectives on democracy, global issues and civic engagement.”.

Canadian youth perspectives on democracy, global issues and civic engagement

This study covers a large and diverse population but it is nonetheless possible to draw from it a broad portrait of leading-edge Generation Z and Millennial Canadians.

Text reads: The Role of Governments and the Division of Powers: Federalism in the Context of a Pandemic. A maple leaf logo and

The Role of Governments and the Division of Powers

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented governments in Canada with enormous challenges. While the current priority remains stemming the spread of the virus and accelerating the pace of vaccinations, governments are also looking ahead to the measures needed to shape an economic recovery.

A woman with curly hair holds a sleeping baby on her shoulder, looking thoughtful—perhaps reflecting on the complexities of new working arrangements. Semi-transparent pink, purple, and green rectangles are layered on the left side of the image.

Work at home or live at work

This report from Wave 2 of the Survey on Employment and Skills focuses on the experience of working from home.

A graphic with a black maple leaf tree logo and the words “confederation of tomorrow.” Below, red and black text reads: All in this Together? Canadians’ Views on Masks, Vaccines and Lockdowns during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Faint map background.

All in this Together?

A year into the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to limit the spread of the virus continue to depend in large part on the willingness of citizens to modify their behaviours to conform with public health guidelines, notably those relating to physical distancing and wearing masks.

Two young women wearing face masks sit indoors. Bold pink text reads: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Millennial and GenZ Canadians, highlighting how these generations have navigated the challenges of recent years.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Millennial and GenZ Canadians

This report examines how Millennial and GenZ Canadians have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. It finds that a majority of Canada’s younger generations (those between the ages of 18 and 40) say that the COVD-19 pandemic has had either a major or at least a moderate impact on their lives.

Cover page of the 2020 Survey of Canadians Report 4: Indigenous - Non-Indigenous Relations by Confederation of Tomorrow, featuring black maple leaves arranged in a triangle above the report title.

Indigenous – non-Indigenous Relations

This report focuses on the perspectives of both Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous Canadians with respect to current relations between their communities, reconciliation, Indigenous representation in federal institutions, and Indigenous control over development on their traditional territories.

A person holds a bright red maple leaf toward the camera, with their face out of focus. Sunlight filters through green trees, creating a warm atmosphere—reflecting how Canadians want lasting change with economic recovery, as a new survey shows.

A Better Canada: Community, Citizenship and Engagement

The events of 2020 have disrupted every aspect of Canadians’ daily lives. What is less clear is the extent to which they have also changed their longer-term outlook.

The image shows the historic Canadian Parliament building in Ottawa, featuring a central clock tower and Gothic Revival architecture under a cloudy sky, quietly prompting the question: Are Canadians finally at peace with their Constitution?.

COVID-19, public policy and government decision-making

The latest Focus Canada research reveals that, despite the many disruptions and challenges facing Canadians today, the public as a whole has never been more supportive of their country's welcoming path when it comes to immigration and refugees.

The image shows the cover of a report titled 2020 Survey of Canadians: Report 3 - Identity, Values and Language, featuring a maple leaf logo above the text confederation of tomorrow.

Identity, Values and Language

The third report explores issues relating to identity, values and language.

A group of students sitting at desks in a classroom, focused on writing or taking a test. As they work individually on their assignments, let’s not dismiss the painful pattern of microaggressions that can shape their experiences.

Canadian public opinion about racism and discrimination

The killing of George Floyd, an African-American, by white police officers in Minneapolis earlier this year sparked anti-racism protests across the United States and around the world, along with a wider public discussion of anti-Black racism and systemic racism.

Changing opinions about the United States, China and Russia

Over the past few years, the foreign policy challenges facing Canada have multiplied.

The cover of the 2020 Survey of Canadians: Regional Perspectives on the Economy and Climate Change report features a tree made of maple leaves and the text confederation of tomorrow.

Regional Perspectives on the Economy and Climate Change

Regional Perspectives on the Economy and Climate Change is the first in a series of reports that presents the results of this research. It focuses on the evolution of attitudes related to federalism, regionalism and nationalism, and more specifically on the related issues of energy and climate change policies in Canada.

Cover page titled 2020 Survey of Canadians, Report 2: The Division of Powers and Resources, featuring a maple leaf graphic and

The Division of Powers and Resources

Regional Perspectives on the Economy and Climate Change is the first in a series of reports that presents the results of this research. It focuses on the evolution of attitudes related to federalism, regionalism and nationalism, and more specifically on the related issues of energy and climate change policies in Canada.

A child with a blue backpack walks alone on a dirt path between tents in a refugee camp, surrounded by rocks and makeshift shelters—each step writing a new immigration story for Canada.

Canadian public opinion about immigration and refugees

The year 2020 has been unprecedented in Canada and worldwide, starting with a global pandemic the likes of which have not been seen in 100 years, causing the greatest economic slowdown since the Great Depression.

A person holds a bright red maple leaf toward the camera, with their face out of focus. Sunlight filters through green trees, creating a warm atmosphere—reflecting how Canadians want lasting change with economic recovery, as a new survey shows.

A Better Canada: Values and Priorities after COVID-19

Five months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the Environics Institute for Survey Research and the Vancouver City Savings credit union joined forces to conduct a comprehensive study of public opinion about what Canadians are expecting from their governments, from corporations and from one another.

A collage with construction workers reviewing blueprints, students collaborating at a laptop, and a worker in safety gear using a tool, set against bright green and pink color blocks, highlights adapting to the changing world of work.

Adapting to the changing world of work

The survey finds that Canadians tend to have a positive assessment of both the impact of technological change and the value of the post-secondary education and skills training that they have received.

A collage with construction workers reviewing blueprints, students collaborating at a laptop, and a worker in safety gear using a tool, set against bright green and pink color blocks, highlights adapting to the changing world of work.

Canadians’ shifting outlook on employment

The survey finds that Canadians tend to have a positive assessment of both the impact of technological change and the value of the post-secondary education and skills training that they have received.

An American flag waves atop a flagpole on a historic brick building, its colors undimmed even as Canada’s opinion of the US sits at an unprecedented low, with ornate window frames and tall city buildings under a partly cloudy sky.

Political Polarization in Canada and the U.S.

This report explores the issue of political polarization in Canada and the United States through an analysis of public opinion data about democracy collected over the past decade.

The Parliament building in Ottawa, Canada, with its clock tower and Canadian flag on top, is seen through trees with autumn leaves under an overcast sky—a scene often featured in Environics Institute Work exploring Canadian identity.

Public Support for Canada’s Political System

Previous research has shown that satisfaction with political institutions and trust in political actors in Canada has gradually been rising over the past decade. This report pushes this analysis deeper, by focusing not only on the national trend, but on sub-national ones as well.

Four ladders, three white and one red, rise toward a blue sky with clouds, symbolizing ambition and opportunity—an apt visual metaphor for intergenerational mobility in Canada.

Intergenerational Mobility in Canada

A succession of economic downturns over the last decades has led many to express concerns that the next generation of Canadians will be less, and not more, well-off than the ones that preceded it.

Cover page for Race Relations in Canada 2019 report, featuring a circular pattern of colorful eye shapes, and logos for Environics Institute, Canadian Race Relations Foundation, and Fondation canadienne des relations raciales.

Race Relations in Canada 2019

This study confirms the reality of racism in Canada. Also important, it shows that this reality is widely if not universally acknowledged. Many Canadians across different racial backgrounds report experiences of racism and discrimination due to race, and also recognize that it also affects others of their own race and from other racial groups.

A large crowd gathers outdoors in winter, many wearing coats and hats. People hold Canadian flags and banners, demonstrating their influence in Canadian politics. Leafless trees and historic buildings are visible in the background.

Influence in Canadian Politics

Concerns have long been expressed about the extent of influence exercised by powerful or well-connected groups in society over the direction of the government.

A white lighthouse with a red top stands on rugged cliffs by the ocean under a blue sky, waves crashing below. Nearby, a few people walk—proof that coronavirus will not dent the trust Canadians have in each other.

Regional Perspectives on Politics and Priorities

The latest Environics Institute Focus Canada survey, conducted during the last two weeks of the recent federal election campaign, highlights some of the regional differences in outlook in Canada that are now reflected in the distribution of seats in the House of Commons.

A diverse group of people hold signs supporting refugees at an outdoor rally in a city. Signs read “#Stand With Refugees,” “Canada Welcomes Refugees!” and “We’re no bigots—Canada is a home for refugees.”.

Canadian public opinion on immigration and refugees

The 43rd Canadian Federal Election just concluded was a tightly-contested campaign in which the incumbent Liberal Government led by Justin Trudeau found itself in a tough fight for reelection just a few years after it took office on a promise of “sunny ways” and broad political support.

Two people walk past parked bikes outside a café or restaurant, perhaps discussing three ways that Toronto could become more autonomous from Ontario. Inside the dimly lit establishment, a few people can be seen enjoying their meals.

Public Opinion in Metropolitan Canada

This report examines public opinion on a range of issues in Canada’s four largest metropolitan areas – Montreal, Toronto, Calgary-Edmonton (combined) and Vancouver – areas that together hold 43 percent of the country’s total population.

Cover page of the 2019 Survey of Canadians report titled Towards Reconciliation: Indigenous and non-Indigenous Perspectives, featuring a logo of black maple leaves shaped like a tree.

Towards Reconciliation: Indigenous and non-Indigenous Perspectives

No attempt to assess, modernize or reimagine the Canadian federation today is complete without including the perspectives of Indigenous Peoples, and addressing issues relating to the prosperity and well-being of Indigenous Peoples and communities.

Several people stand in line indoors, casting ballots into clear boxes—an orderly scene that proves, despite angry protestors, Canadians still trust in our democracy. The focused atmosphere reflects faith in the election process.

Confidence in Democracy and the Political System

This report examines current levels of public support for democracy, democratic institutions and the political system in Canada and how these have evolved over the past decade.

A busy city street filled with cars, trucks, taxis, and a public bus—reflecting Canadians’ Satisfaction with Public Services—waits at a traffic light, surrounded by buildings and trees on a sunny day.

Canadians’ Satisfaction with Public Services

How satisfied are Canadians with some of the most important services that governments provide? This report tackles this question by providing an updated look at Canadian public opinion, as it is changing over time and in comparison to other countries around the world.

The interior of a grand parliamentary chamber with rows of green seats, ornate wood paneling, high arched ceilings, chandeliers, and a Canadian flag near the central speaker’s chair—an impressive setting for shaping perceptions of gender and political leadership.

Perceptions of Gender and Political Leadership

New survey data collected by the Environics Institute suggest that one obstacle to recruiting more female candidates for public office is the difference in the degree to which men and women see themselves as qualified to run for election, and the extent of the encouragement that they receive to do so.

Canadian Youth Reconciliation Barometer 2019 Final Report cover featuring a stylized hand and vibrant abstract lines. Below are the logos for Environics Institute, Canadian Roots Exchange, and Mastercard Foundation.

Canadian Youth Reconciliation Barometer 2019

Canada’s relationship with the Indigenous Peoples who first inhabited this land continues to be largely unresolved and fraught with controversy.

Red-tinted image of a historic building with text: “2019 Survey of Canadians. Official Bilingualism at 50—Are we taking full advantage of Canada’s linguistic duality?”.

Official Bilingualism at 50

Fifty years after the passage of the Official Languages Act, more than eight in ten Canadians support the policy of official bilingualism.

Report cover featuring a stylized map of Canada, black maple leaves, and the title Canada: Pulling Together or Drifting Apart?—2019 Survey of Canadians, with the confederation of tomorrow logo in the top right corner.

Canada: Pulling Together or Drifting Apart?

This report looks at Canadians' identity within the country, and how they see their province or territory's place in the federation.

Cover of the 2019 Survey of Canadians from Confederation of Tomorrow, featuring a red title and maple leaf design, with the text Making Federalism Work: Leadership, Trust & Collaboration highlighted prominently.

Making Federalism Work

This report focuses on the ways in which the country’s federal, provincial and territorial governments should work together as federal partners to address key issues.

Blue and white graphic with a faded maple leaf and Star of David, highlighting the 2018 Survey of Jews in Canada, with logos for Environics Institute, University of Toronto, and York University.

2018 Survey of Jews in Canada

A major survey was conducted in 2018 by the Environics Institute for Survey Research, in partnership with the University of Toronto and York University. The survey is the first of its kind in Canada to explore the perspectives of Jews in Canada, addressing themes of identity, practice and experience.

A bilingual airport sign with a Canadian flag points to Canada Arrivals in English and Arrivées Canada in French, subtly reminding travelers that private sponsorship is much more than a feel-good project—it's part of Canada's welcoming spirit.

Canadian public opinion on immigration, refugees and the USA

The past year has been a contentious one for immigration and refugee issues in many parts of the world. In the USA, the Trump administration is taking a harsher stance on migrants (e.g. separating children from parents) and the political climate is turning ever more xenophobic.

Blue graphic features bold white and teal text reading Toronto Social Capital Study 2018. Above, three circular icons depict people talking, a handshake, and a group with buildings, representing themes from the Toronto Social Capital Study 2018.

Toronto Social Capital Study 2018

How can communities best measure the well-being of their citizens? Often this is done using economic measures of employment, income and inequality. There are also statistics reporting on incidences of crime, of homeless or of disease (most recently focusing on cases of COVID-19).

Cover page of Canada's World Survey 2018 Final Report, featuring colorful text and a dotted world map graphic. Canada's World Survey 2018 title and logos of supporting organizations appear at the bottom.

Canada’s World Survey 2018

The survey was the first to ever ask Canadians about how they see their place in the world, and that of their country – not simply what they believe their governments should be doing: What do they see as the top global issues, and how do they orient personally to the world outside of the national borders, in terms of their interests, travel and personal connections?

A bilingual airport sign with a Canadian flag points to Canada Arrivals in English and Arrivées Canada in French, subtly reminding travelers that private sponsorship is much more than a feel-good project—it's part of Canada's welcoming spirit.

Canadian Public Opinion on Immigration and Minority Groups

Canada is generally seen as a welcoming and tolerant country when it comes to immigration and cultural diversity, and public opinion research has shown that a majority of Canadians have consistently held generally (if not unequivocally) positive views towards immigrants and citizens with ethnic backgrounds much different from their own.

Banner with logos of the Diversity Institute, York University, Environics Institute, YMCA, United Way, and Black Experience Project. Text reads: “Black Experience Project in the GTA: Overview Report.” Orange geometric pattern on right.

Black Experience Project in the GTA

A groundbreaking research study of the "lived experience" of individuals across the Greater Toronto Area who self-identify as Black or of African heritage.

A blue and tan world map background with text reading “AmericasBarometer 2017: The public speaks on democracy and governance in the Americas. Canada 2017. FINAL REPORT June 2017,” with various research institute logos at the bottom.

AmericasBarometer 2017

The AmericasBarometer is a 29 country public opinion survey on democracy, governance and civic engagement, conducted every two to three years by a consortium of of research partners across the western hemisphere.

A smiling family of four, including two adults and two children, sit together at a table in a library, reading books and writing—perhaps even exploring topics like why politicians fixate on the ethnic vote—with shelves of books in the background.

Canadian Public Opinion About Immigration and the USA

In the past six months, the surprising election of Donald Trump to the US presidency has sent shock waves through that country, and reverberations around to globe. His administration is charting an unpredictable new course in domestic and foreign policy, and among the first steps has been a tightening of restrictions for visitors, immigrants and refugees seeking to enter the USA.

A graphic titled Canadian Millennial Social Values Study features six illustrated portraits in colored squares, alongside the logos of The Environics Institute, The Counselling Foundation of Canada, RBC, Apathy is Boring, and The J.W. McConnell Family Foundation.

Canadian Millennial Social Values Study

A major national survey conducted in 2016 reveals a bold portrait of Canada’s Millennials (those born between 1980 and 1995), that for the first time presents the social values of this generation, and the distinct segments that help make sense of the different and often contradictory stereotypes that so frequently are applied to today’s young adults.

Three women stand close together outdoors. The woman in the center, wearing a headscarf and patterned scarf, looks upward with tears on her cheek—capturing the emotions highlighted in the Global Survey on Women as National Leaders.

Global Survey on Women as National Leaders

Throughout history, politics has been largely a man’s world. The 20th century witnessed significant changes, through women’s suffrage and the emergence of women as leaders of parties and nations, albeit at a slow pace and unevenly across the globe.

A group of young children sit together on the floor, smiling and attentively listening to an adult read

2016 Survey on Immigration and Citizenship

Migration levels are now at an all-time high worldwide, due in large part to massive numbers of refugees fleeing conflict in such countries as Syria and Iraq. Many are seeking a safe refuge in European countries, where governments are implementing new border controls, and the number of attacks against immigrants is on the rise.

A circular collage shows four images: Indigenous dancers, an Inukshuk, children in traditional dress, and a smiling woman in regalia. The title reads, Public Opinion About Aboriginal Issues in Canada 2016 with several organization logos below.

Public Opinion About Aboriginal Issues in Canada 2016

Canada’s relationship with the Aboriginal Peoples who first inhabited this land continues to be largely unresolved and fraught with controversy. The findings from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is the latest compelling evidence of a troubled history and its contemporary legacy.

A title reads “Canadian Public Opinion About Governance 2016” above six images: a woman, a government building, an Uber app, a ballot box, a gavel, and someone touching a digital screen, with institute logos below.

Canadian Public Opinion About Governance 2016

The world is changing rapidly, due in large part to fundamental transformations brought about by globalization, the digital revolution and social trends.

A young man wearing glasses and a gray t-shirt sits at a table, working on a laptop with papers and a pen in hand, reflecting on lessons learned: the pandemic and learning from home in Canada, concentrating in a bright, modern room.

International Report Card on Public Education

As countries across the world battle to put the years of recession behind them and establish the right conditions for a sustained economic recovery, attention invariably turns to the role of education.

Two women stand by a window covered with colorful sticky notes, discussing and pointing at the notes. In this skills training Canada session, one woman wears a blue hijab, and both appear focused and engaged in collaboration.

2015 Survey on Immigration and Multiculturalism

The last few years have not been good ones for immigrants and multicultural diversity – worldwide or in Canada. At the global level, the flow of migrants is now higher than at any time in human history.

A collage of six images features Canadian Muslims in various settings, with the title Survey of Muslims in Canada 2016 above. Along the bottom are organizational logos, highlighting insights from the International Report Card on Public Education.

Survey of Muslims in Canada 2016

Muslims represent the fastest growing religious minority in Canada today, but their emerging presence has been contentious, fuelled in part by security concerns (in the long wake of 9/11) and some religious practices (e.g., Sharia law).

A dramatic lightning bolt strikes the sky above a city skyline at dusk, tall buildings and a prominent tower silhouetted against purple and orange clouds, reflected in calm water below—much like the question: Canadians are ready for a carbon tax. Is anyone listening?.

2015 Canadian Public Opinion on Climate Change

As part of its ongoing Focus Canada public opinion research program, the Environics Institute partnered with the David Suzuki Foundation to ask Canadians about climate change, to determine how perceptions have changed (or not) over the past year or so. 

A graphic titled Canadian Public Opinion on Governance and the Public Service features photos highlighting key aspects of governance, including people at meetings, a government building, a classroom, a ballot box, firefighters, safety vests, and recycling bins.

Canadian Public Opinion on Governance and the Public Service

What does the public expect from governments, and how well do they believe their country, province and local municipality are governed?

A stylized map of the Americas on a blue background is centered below the title AmericasBarometer 2014. Logos of three partner organizations are displayed at the bottom of the image.

AmericasBarometer 2014

The AmericasBarometer is a multi-country public opinion survey on democracy, governance and civic engagement, conducted every two years by a consortium of of research partners across the western hemisphere. The 2014 survey included 26 countries, encompassing 99% of the population of the Americas.

Conference slide for the Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation featuring event details, logos, and a sepia-toned image of a man’s face and hand. Highlights Democracy in the 21st Century: 2013 Trudeau Foundation Annual Survey.

Democracy in the 21st Century: 2013 Trudeau Foundation Annual Survey

What is current Canadian public opinion as it relates to people and their environment, human rights and dignity, responsible citizenship, and Canada's role in the world?

A serene arctic landscape with rocky terrain in the foreground, calm water reflecting mountains, and a bright moon illuminating the blue-toned sky—much like the shifting lens through which Canadians see the Wet’suwet’en crisis.

Canadian Public Opinion About Climate Change 2013

Where does the Canadian public stand today on the issue of climate change? Have Canadians lost interest or do they remain concerned and want strong actions to address the problem?

A presentation slide titled “Focus Canada 2012” with the tagline “Public opinion research on the record. Serving the public interest since 1976.” Images below, reflecting Focus Canada 2012 themes, show Parliament, healthcare, flags, factories, and pipelines.

Focus Canada 2012

Focus Canada is an ongoing public opinion research program that provides a credible, independent and sustained source of Canadian public opinion data on important issues facing the country.

A stylized map of the Americas is centered on a light background. Above it reads AmericasBarometer 2012, with a subtitle about public opinion on democracy. Logos of three institutes are displayed at the bottom.

AmericasBarometer 2012

The public speaks on democracy and governance in Canada and across the Americas.

Conference poster with raised hands, logos for Environics Institute and Fondation Trudeau Foundation, and event details: The Common Good: Who Decides?, Edmonton, AB, November 22-24, 2012. Linked to Democracy in the 21st Century: 2013 Trudeau Foundation Annual Survey.

The Common Good – Who Decides? 2012 Trudeau Foundation Annual Survey

In conjunction with the Ninth Annual Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Conference, entitled "The Common Good: Who Decides?”, the Environics Institute for Survey Research conducted a national survey of Canadians around this theme of defining the common good.

Close-up of two hockey players facing off on an ice rink, their skates and sticks poised, capturing the intensity of Hockey Fighting and What it Means to Be A Man as they battle for the puck.

Canadians on Hockey 2012

Hockey has long held a central place in Canada, and the National Hockey League is the flagship arena for the sport. Professional hockey has long stood out for the aggressive style of play, which has largely been accepted as just a part of the game.

A presentation slide titled Focus Canada 2011 with a red maple leaf, highlighting public opinion research since 1976. Images below show people, a gavel, voting symbols, puzzle pieces, international flags—anticipating insights for Focus Canada 2012.

Focus Canada 2011

Public opinion matters – in all countries, but especially in democracies like ours. Public opinion research in the public interest makes an essential contribution to good governance and meeting societal challenges.

A collage of photos featuring diverse people, a passport, a handshake, and a welcome sign illustrates the Canadians on Citizenship project, supported by logos of Environics Institute, CBC, RBC, Maytree, and other partners below.

Canadians on Citizenship

Canada’s history is one of successive waves of people arriving on its shores, each having to find their place among those who preceded them.

Cover page for Focus Canada 2010 featuring a red maple leaf, title text, and a subtitle about public opinion research. Along the bottom are images symbolizing Canada: a naval ship, totem pole, lake with mountains, and people.

Focus Canada 2010

Public opinion matters – in all countries, but especially in democracies like ours. Public opinion research in the public interest makes an essential contribution to good governance and meeting societal challenges.

Stylized Indigenous art of a bird with cityscape elements on a red background, highlighting the Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study at the bottom.

Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study

The Environics Institute conducted the Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study (UAPS) as a landmark national study focusing on Aboriginal Peoples living in Canada’s major urban centres.

Logo with the text Canadas WORLD Canada MONDE above a red square featuring a circular design, and below, the words THE CANADA’S WORLD SURVEY POLL appear on a light background.

Canada’s World Survey

The Institute co-sponsored a national survey of Canadians’ engagement and involvement with the world outside our borders, as part of the Canada’s World initiative.

A person wearing a backpack walks among gravestones at sunset, with mountains and an orange sky in the background—a somber, silhouetted scene that echoes the solitude found in stories from the 2007 Survey of Afghans.

2007 Survey of Afghans

The Institute sponsored the first-ever Canadian-initiated public opinion survey of the people of Afghanistan on issues related to quality of life, reconstruction, and Canadian military presence in the country.

A diverse group of people hold signs supporting refugees at an outdoor rally in a city. Signs read “#Stand With Refugees,” “Canada Welcomes Refugees!” and “We’re no bigots—Canada is a home for refugees.”.

Survey of Canadian Muslims

The Institute’s first project was a national survey to examine the relationship between Canadian Muslims and Canadian society at large. This research was conducted as part of Environics Research FOCUS CANADA, and built upon an earlier study conducted by the US-based Pew Research Center with Muslims and non-Muslims that covered 13 countries (but not Canada).

Environics Institute for Survey Research

701-33 Bloor Street East
Toronto, ON M4W 3H1

info@environicsinstitute.org

Subscribe to our eNews

Subscribe to our eNews to stay apprised of our latest reports, Insights, events, and media mentions.

Stay Connected